Environmental Management Hazards 2423-415X 10 1 2023 03 21 Analysis of the Representation of Natural Hazards in Middle and High School Textbooks in Iran Analysis of the Representation of Natural Hazards in Middle and High School Textbooks in Iran 43 55 92733 10.22059/jhsci.2023.357717.772 FA Hadi Nayyeri Assistant Professor, Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan 0000-0003-4907-8274 Morsal Sahraei Master's student in Natural Hazards, Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan Journal Article 2023 04 12 Natural hazards are recurring phenomena that can cause significant material and moral damage. Reducing vulnerability to these hazards depends on citizens' understanding and recognition of them. In Iran's current education system, textbooks are the primary teaching tool for this issue. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate how natural hazards are represented in these textbooks. This study uses content analysis to examine the images and contents of guidance, geography, and human and environment textbooks. The results show that only a small percentage of the textbooks' content was dedicated to natural hazards. Specifically, (6.4%) of social studies course content in middle school textbooks and (7.1%) of first and second grade high school geography textbooks were related to natural hazards. In the third year high school geography book, (33%) of the content was related to hazards, with earthquakes (26%), floods (40%), droughts (14%), and landslides (13%) being the most frequently discussed hazards. In "Human and Environment" textbooks, only (21.2%) of the topics were related to natural hazards, which is insignificant compared to the total contents. Natural hazards are recurring phenomena that can cause significant material and moral damage. Reducing vulnerability to these hazards depends on citizens' understanding and recognition of them. In Iran's current education system, textbooks are the primary teaching tool for this issue. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate how natural hazards are represented in these textbooks. This study uses content analysis to examine the images and contents of guidance, geography, and human and environment textbooks. The results show that only a small percentage of the textbooks' content was dedicated to natural hazards. Specifically, (6.4%) of social studies course content in middle school textbooks and (7.1%) of first and second grade high school geography textbooks were related to natural hazards. In the third year high school geography book, (33%) of the content was related to hazards, with earthquakes (26%), floods (40%), droughts (14%), and landslides (13%) being the most frequently discussed hazards. In "Human and Environment" textbooks, only (21.2%) of the topics were related to natural hazards, which is insignificant compared to the total contents. https://jhsci.ut.ac.ir/article_92733_b54630f6af7332bcc9523ccfc23f29c1.pdf