Environmental Management Hazards2423-415X11120240614Assessing the efects of drought hazardos on rural communites surrounds Maharlu Lake, IranAssessing the efects of drought hazardos on rural communites surrounds Maharlu Lake, Iran1139750210.22059/jhsci.2024.374378.823FASaeedNegahbanDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Economic Management and Social Sciences, Shiraz University, IranMarziyehMokarramDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Economic Management and Social Sciences, Shiraz University, IranReyhanehMoradizadeh KermaniDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Economic Management and Social Sciences, Shiraz University, IranJournal Article20240326Drought, as a natural phenomenon, gradually manifests in the environment and subsequently recedes, leaving widespread and time-reversible impacts on both natural ecosystems and human societies. Primarily, it directly affects water resources and indirectly influences various economic and social aspects. This study aims to analyze the repercussions of drought risk on villages surrounding Maharlu Lake in Fars province. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the research utilizes library resources, questionnaires, fieldwork, and statistical methods. Fifteen villages proximate to the lake were initially selected, and questionnaires pertaining to drought effects on rural characteristics were administered. Subsequently, the collected data underwent analysis using SPSS software. The findings revealed that all social, cultural, economic, and environmental dimensions of the studied villages were impacted by drought. Notably, within the social and cultural dimension, a significant percentage of respondents expressed a desire to relocate, with approximately 40% indicating a high inclination for migration (average score: 3.6). Regarding the economic dimension, the production of crops emerged as the most affected indicator, with nearly 60% of respondents reporting significant drought impacts on crop yields (average score: 3.76). Within the environmental dimension, the impact of drought on water resources stood out, with close to 50% of respondents citing high repercussions (average score: 3.41). Moreover, Friedman's test underscored significant differences among indicators concerning drought impact (p value<.05), with the economic aspect bearing the greatest brunt of drought in rural areas.Drought, as a natural phenomenon, gradually manifests in the environment and subsequently recedes, leaving widespread and time-reversible impacts on both natural ecosystems and human societies. Primarily, it directly affects water resources and indirectly influences various economic and social aspects. This study aims to analyze the repercussions of drought risk on villages surrounding Maharlu Lake in Fars province. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the research utilizes library resources, questionnaires, fieldwork, and statistical methods. Fifteen villages proximate to the lake were initially selected, and questionnaires pertaining to drought effects on rural characteristics were administered. Subsequently, the collected data underwent analysis using SPSS software. The findings revealed that all social, cultural, economic, and environmental dimensions of the studied villages were impacted by drought. Notably, within the social and cultural dimension, a significant percentage of respondents expressed a desire to relocate, with approximately 40% indicating a high inclination for migration (average score: 3.6). Regarding the economic dimension, the production of crops emerged as the most affected indicator, with nearly 60% of respondents reporting significant drought impacts on crop yields (average score: 3.76). Within the environmental dimension, the impact of drought on water resources stood out, with close to 50% of respondents citing high repercussions (average score: 3.41). Moreover, Friedman's test underscored significant differences among indicators concerning drought impact (p value<.05), with the economic aspect bearing the greatest brunt of drought in rural areas.https://jhsci.ut.ac.ir/article_97502_7047b787fa83eff63f46c2c497e0ff96.pdfEnvironmental Management Hazards2423-415X11120240614Flood zoning of Shahristanak drainage basin using WMS hydrological model and GIS integrationFlood zoning of Shahristanak drainage basin using WMS hydrological model and GIS integration15299750310.22059/jhsci.2024.374472.824FALeilaEbrahimiAssistant Professor, Chalus Branch, Department of Geography, Islamic Azad University, Chalus, IranMaryamIlanlouAssistant Professor, Mahshahr Branch, Department of Geography, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, IranJournal Article20240413Flooding is one of the most important challenges facing human civilization and its impact is expected to increase due to climate change and massive urbanization. The purpose of this research is to zonate flood occurrence using WMS hydrological model with GIS integration in Shahristanak watershed, one of the sub-basins of Karaj dam in Alborz province. In this study, geological maps 1:100000, topography 1:2000 and 1:50000, soil 1:100000, and data from synoptic and rain gauge stations are considered as the most basic data of this research for flood zoning in Shahristanak catchment area. Also, ArcGIS 10.3, WMS software was used to analyze and prepare maps. A modified version of TOPAZ model along with WMS was used to calculate the flow direction from the DEM active area. The results show that in the upstream and downstream of the catchment basin, as we move away from the center of the river, the area of water depth increases. While in some places upstream of the river, the water depth is less. In other words, the lower the water depth, the greater its area, and the greater the water depth, the smaller its area. Most of the area is 4.03 meters deep, which is equal to 44.2 hectares. The area of the depth of 8.06 meters is equal to 14.5 hectares, the area of the depth of 12.09 meters is equal to 4.6 hectares, the area of the depth of 16.12 meters is equal to 1.4 hectares, and the area of the depth of 20.15 meters is equal to 1.1. It is hectares. In general, the WMS model and its integration with GIS is for flood zoning and determining risk ranges in the region.Flooding is one of the most important challenges facing human civilization and its impact is expected to increase due to climate change and massive urbanization. The purpose of this research is to zonate flood occurrence using WMS hydrological model with GIS integration in Shahristanak watershed, one of the sub-basins of Karaj dam in Alborz province. In this study, geological maps 1:100000, topography 1:2000 and 1:50000, soil 1:100000, and data from synoptic and rain gauge stations are considered as the most basic data of this research for flood zoning in Shahristanak catchment area. Also, ArcGIS 10.3, WMS software was used to analyze and prepare maps. A modified version of TOPAZ model along with WMS was used to calculate the flow direction from the DEM active area. The results show that in the upstream and downstream of the catchment basin, as we move away from the center of the river, the area of water depth increases. While in some places upstream of the river, the water depth is less. In other words, the lower the water depth, the greater its area, and the greater the water depth, the smaller its area. Most of the area is 4.03 meters deep, which is equal to 44.2 hectares. The area of the depth of 8.06 meters is equal to 14.5 hectares, the area of the depth of 12.09 meters is equal to 4.6 hectares, the area of the depth of 16.12 meters is equal to 1.4 hectares, and the area of the depth of 20.15 meters is equal to 1.1. It is hectares. In general, the WMS model and its integration with GIS is for flood zoning and determining risk ranges in the region.https://jhsci.ut.ac.ir/article_97503_830aa5fc1ceeb30553a21ac37578cb18.pdfEnvironmental Management Hazards2423-415X11120240614Believed people to water for manage and reduce hazards based on written heritage, A case study: Iranian society from Safavid to QajarBelieved people to water for manage and reduce hazards based on written heritage, A case study: Iranian society from Safavid to Qajar31419750410.22059/jhsci.2024.376239.826FARezaMotamedDepartment of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Communication and Media, Central Tehran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMohammad HadiMansour LecoorgeDepartment of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Communication and Media, Central Tehran Islamic AzaŁ University, Tehran, IranVahidRashidvashDepartment of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Communication and Media, Central Tehran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240408Throughout life, humans face diverse environmental hazards, natural disasters, and personal griefs. From birth to death, they navigate these challenges with a multitude of faiths and beliefs that provide meaning and reduce anxiety. To survive and avoid destruction, people implement various customs and rituals, particularly those related to fertility and addressing infertility, to protect the land, overcome environmental hazards, and ensure generational survival. This descriptive-analytical research reviews literature on Iranian customs and rituals associated with fertility and infertility, emphasizing the symbol of water and its sanctity. The study explores and analyzes resources from the Safavi to Qajar periods, providing an anthropological perspective on how these customs and rituals help Iranians ensure fertility and manage environmental challenges.Throughout life, humans face diverse environmental hazards, natural disasters, and personal griefs. From birth to death, they navigate these challenges with a multitude of faiths and beliefs that provide meaning and reduce anxiety. To survive and avoid destruction, people implement various customs and rituals, particularly those related to fertility and addressing infertility, to protect the land, overcome environmental hazards, and ensure generational survival. This descriptive-analytical research reviews literature on Iranian customs and rituals associated with fertility and infertility, emphasizing the symbol of water and its sanctity. The study explores and analyzes resources from the Safavi to Qajar periods, providing an anthropological perspective on how these customs and rituals help Iranians ensure fertility and manage environmental challenges.https://jhsci.ut.ac.ir/article_97504_4f499e6b1079b48b47d04a09ea3eb757.pdfEnvironmental Management Hazards2423-415X11120240614Design and validation of the optimal model against hazardous crimes related to cryptocurrency in Iranian criminal lawDesign and validation of the optimal model against hazardous crimes related to cryptocurrency in Iranian criminal law43559750510.22059/jhsci.2024.372778.816FANazaninAbaspoor IkdarPhD student in Criminal law and criminology, Kish Azad Campus University, Kish, IranAhmadRamezaniDepartment of Criminal Law and Criminology, Assistant Professor University of Science and Culture, Tehran, IranMohammad AminMalekiDepartment of Jurisprudence and Criminal Law, Assistant Professor University of Judicial Law and Administrative Services, Tehran, Iran
AbstractJournal Article20240217Concerning the wide scope of the issue of cryptocurrencies in both international and domestic dimensions, cryptocurrencies have become a solitary life of criminals because governments have less supervision over them, and it leads to the creation of risky crimes such as money laundering, tax evasion, fraud, financing of terrorism, etc. and many people have been victimized and lost money in this field(cryptocurrencies). This topic has gradually brought the cryptocurrency discussion into legal discussions and countries are trying to establish laws in this regard. Therefore, the current research aims to design and validate the optimal model against risky crimes related to cryptocurrency in Iranian Law. To process the problem, qualitative research strategy and thematic analysis type were used. The research data was collected using semi-standard interviews with 12 experts in the field of cryptocurrencies and their related crimes who were selected using the theoretical sampling method and using thematic analysis method of the network of the analyzed themes and the conceptual model of network measurement was built. In addition, to "validate" the themes, and the built model, two methods of validity evaluation were used in the communication method and the audit method, and for "reliability assessment", two methods of reproducibility and transferability or generalizability were used. The findings of the qualitative research showed that the design and validation of the optimal model against risky crimes related to crypto-currency with 3 overarching themes: 1. the synergistic interaction within and outside the system in the field of cryptocurrencies 2. the overarching theme of applying knowledge management in the field of cryptocurrencies 3. the overarching theme of reducing all kinds of risks and improving the level of hardware and software security has reached theoretical saturation.Concerning the wide scope of the issue of cryptocurrencies in both international and domestic dimensions, cryptocurrencies have become a solitary life of criminals because governments have less supervision over them, and it leads to the creation of risky crimes such as money laundering, tax evasion, fraud, financing of terrorism, etc. and many people have been victimized and lost money in this field(cryptocurrencies). This topic has gradually brought the cryptocurrency discussion into legal discussions and countries are trying to establish laws in this regard. Therefore, the current research aims to design and validate the optimal model against risky crimes related to cryptocurrency in Iranian Law. To process the problem, qualitative research strategy and thematic analysis type were used. The research data was collected using semi-standard interviews with 12 experts in the field of cryptocurrencies and their related crimes who were selected using the theoretical sampling method and using thematic analysis method of the network of the analyzed themes and the conceptual model of network measurement was built. In addition, to "validate" the themes, and the built model, two methods of validity evaluation were used in the communication method and the audit method, and for "reliability assessment", two methods of reproducibility and transferability or generalizability were used. The findings of the qualitative research showed that the design and validation of the optimal model against risky crimes related to crypto-currency with 3 overarching themes: 1. the synergistic interaction within and outside the system in the field of cryptocurrencies 2. the overarching theme of applying knowledge management in the field of cryptocurrencies 3. the overarching theme of reducing all kinds of risks and improving the level of hardware and software security has reached theoretical saturation.https://jhsci.ut.ac.ir/article_97505_9beb0e169b40cd7dcb0393094ffb3aca.pdfEnvironmental Management Hazards2423-415X11120240620Environmental analysis of land subsidence and its hazards in Asadabad plain, Hamadan, Iran"Environmental analysis of land subsidence and its hazards in Asadabad plain, Hamadan, Iran"57729760110.22059/jhsci.2024.377484.827FAMortezaAkbarianDepartment of Physical Geography, Phd Student, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranManijehGhahroudi TaliDepartment of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240509Today, the phenomenon of subsidence has affected many regions of the world, including densely populated cities in arid and semi-arid regions, and has caused a lot of damage. The phenomenon of subsidence is imperceptible and gradual, and in the long term it causes a lot of damage to agricultural lands as well as urban areas. Considering the many negative effects that the subsidence phenomenon has on human activities and man-made phenomena including buildings and facilities, not paying attention to it can be associated with many human and financial losses. Based on this, it will be very important to monitor the amount of land subsidence in order to reduce the negative effects and also to control its development process, and it is necessary to regularly estimate the subsidence process of the areas. Due to the fact that the phenomenon of subsidence occurs imperceptibly and its monitoring requires high precision, therefore, new methods should be used to monitor this risk. One of the methods that has received a lot of attention in recent years is the radar interferometry method, which has high accuracy and speed in processing information and monitoring changes in the earth's surface. Accordingly, in this research, this method is used. It will be used to evaluate the subsidence of Asadabad Plain. According to the mentioned cases, in this research, using radar images and radar interferometry method, the state of subsidence and its trend in Asadabad Plain and the analysis of the geomorphological factors affecting its occurrence have been evaluated.Today, the phenomenon of subsidence has affected many regions of the world, including densely populated cities in arid and semi-arid regions, and has caused a lot of damage. The phenomenon of subsidence is imperceptible and gradual, and in the long term it causes a lot of damage to agricultural lands as well as urban areas. Considering the many negative effects that the subsidence phenomenon has on human activities and man-made phenomena including buildings and facilities, not paying attention to it can be associated with many human and financial losses. Based on this, it will be very important to monitor the amount of land subsidence in order to reduce the negative effects and also to control its development process, and it is necessary to regularly estimate the subsidence process of the areas. Due to the fact that the phenomenon of subsidence occurs imperceptibly and its monitoring requires high precision, therefore, new methods should be used to monitor this risk. One of the methods that has received a lot of attention in recent years is the radar interferometry method, which has high accuracy and speed in processing information and monitoring changes in the earth's surface. Accordingly, in this research, this method is used. It will be used to evaluate the subsidence of Asadabad Plain. According to the mentioned cases, in this research, using radar images and radar interferometry method, the state of subsidence and its trend in Asadabad Plain and the analysis of the geomorphological factors affecting its occurrence have been evaluated.https://jhsci.ut.ac.ir/article_97601_05c6cc40578c94e44d1a3ca70bdebfde.pdfEnvironmental Management Hazards2423-415X11120240627A new approach to environmental hazards and sustainable development for IranA new approach to environmental hazards and sustainable development for Iran73849774410.22059/jhsci.2024.378814.830FAEbrahimMoghimiProfessor, University of Tehran, IranJournal Article20240519Iran is a rapidly developing country. The development model of this country must be sustainable. Sustainable development in Iran is a development that is carried out, among other things, by taking into account hazardous environmental events. During the past two decades, academic experts and students have conducted research on Iran's environmental hazards from the perspective of natural, social, behavioral and technological environment. The findings of this research are that the hazards still exist. On the other hand, the government's ability to compensate is very low. Basic measures are not taken to reduce the damage. On the other hand, development thinking based on environmental hazards does not dominate the development model. The attitude towards nature is weak. Based on this, it was suggested to the people, government forces and private active forces to accept the responsibility caused by environmental hazards. Design the damage of future hazards. Link damage reduction to sustainable development. Design the development model according to the potential of environmental hazards.Iran is a rapidly developing country. The development model of this country must be sustainable. Sustainable development in Iran is a development that is carried out, among other things, by taking into account hazardous environmental events. During the past two decades, academic experts and students have conducted research on Iran's environmental hazards from the perspective of natural, social, behavioral and technological environment. The findings of this research are that the hazards still exist. On the other hand, the government's ability to compensate is very low. Basic measures are not taken to reduce the damage. On the other hand, development thinking based on environmental hazards does not dominate the development model. The attitude towards nature is weak. Based on this, it was suggested to the people, government forces and private active forces to accept the responsibility caused by environmental hazards. Design the damage of future hazards. Link damage reduction to sustainable development. Design the development model according to the potential of environmental hazards.https://jhsci.ut.ac.ir/article_97744_7cf249f0c15635588685e3e255b343da.pdf