Hazards Identification and Analysis of the Rural Settlements of Aladagh Rural District in Bojnourd Township

Abstract:
This research was carried out in Aladagh rural district of Bojnourd township with 801 KM² area and more than 35 villages, that have been tried be studied its villages environmental and geomorphological problems. in order to understand the rural hazards, important and relevant characteristics contains population, topography, hydrography, geology, climatology and geomorphology are separately investigated. Then, and information is set up in maps and tables. The results show that environmental studies and geomorphology are required in rural planning.  Nnatural and geomorphologic hazards on rural settlements in the region in terms of the energy flow have been investigated in terms of the energy flow in both inland and outland groups. The studied area in terms of risk factors for internal processes including earthquakes it is a part of a high riskhigh-risk area. Exogenous hazardous processes includinge the occurrence of landslides, fallings, floods and drought effects of the environment.
After getting acquainted with the demographic characteristics, it was found that, unlike many points, the second and third densely populated villages are the highest villages between villages of rural district, which on the other hand, this characteristic reflects the role of morphogenic processes in creating the proper platform for the development of villages and on the other hand their risk indicator. Tthe villages of the region are located in two zones consisting of mountainous and plain lands. Iin the mountain part, on one hand the high slope, on the one hand, it has been acting as a limiting factor for the rural zone and on the other hand, it has played a role in the formation of slope processes such aslike landslide and rock falls. In addition to raising the groundwater level, llow slope in the downstream part of between the mountain plain, and in addition to raising the groundwater level, flooding the rivers and leading tocausing special damage to farms and buildings when falling down, has led. Firouzeh and Bazkhaneh rivers are the main arteries of the region, which the life of a large number of villages in this rural district, depends on their flow in the countryside of them. the presence of active faults and lithology conditions makes the earthquake occurrence of high intensity and high risk. about Near 21 villages are located adjacent to the fault line. Mmost important slope movements in this region include landslide and rockfall. Tthe establishment of the Reain, Arkan, Taraghie kord and Darsoufian villages on the basis of  pebbleof pebble sandstone with clay, marly and evaporative sediments in the upper part, has activated landslide outer process. Oon the other hand, the effects of positive tectonics in the mountainous region and the presence of calcareous and dolomitic height maker formations has activated the process of rockfall in the Paghaleh, Kaykay, Taraghie kord, Darsoufian, Rakhtian and Arkan villages. Tthe proximity of the villages with main and subsidiary waterways and their connection point and also the steep slopes overlooking them, has exposed the flood phenomenon as a risk factor for the population of about 17 villages in the southern, central and northern parts of the region. In the southern part of the rural district, newly built residential units, agricultural lands and roads of Dartoum, Gerivan, Rakhtian and Hesare hosseinie, in central part Khoshmanzar, Mataranlou, down Mehnan, Gharehbashlou, Marz, Kalatehnaghie and Taraghie kord villages and in the southern part Sandalabad, Hamzanlou, Allahverdikhan, Khodagholie, Malkesh and Borj villages are influenced by sudden floods. Ddrought is one of the damaging problems of the villages in recent years. Tthe annual rainfall data of the synoptic meteorological station of Bojnourd in the period of 30 years up leading to to 2017 indicates a gradual decrease in rainfall. In particular, precipitation has dropped dramatically from the long-term average of 30 years (247.2 mm) from 2010 to 2017, and the average of these 8 years has reached 205.5 mm. Tthis process has led to the formation of semi-arid conditions in the area of a large number of rural settlements in this region.
Based on this research, the primary nucleus and central space of most villages have a suitable location for environmental hazards and most of the dangers are on non-standard constructional outside the villages, farms and agricultural lands, which requires more attention from the residents, and Bonyade Maskan, Jehade Keshavarzie and Abe Mantaghehie experts. Therefore, considering the appropriate environmental conditions of the region and the role of villages in the production, with a little investment in the biological and welfare aspects of these villages, in particular the Tarhe hadie, hydrologic structures and their roads, their biological attractions will increase and we will see the optimal use of the natural resources of this region.