Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
Associate Prof Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of law, University of Tehran, Fariba Qom, Iran
2
Prof Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Tehran Fariba, Qom, Iran
3
PhD. Student in Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Tehran Fariba, Qom, Iran
10.22059/jhsci.2025.394102.876
Abstract
According to the founders of the zemiology, crime is defined based on decisions and criteria Determined by the government and often involves the offender and the victim, while Attention to severe social risks that damage the most vital social values of a society or a nation and expose individuals to victimization on a larger scale than crime, it is of the greatest importance. Since most of the behaviors that create these risks are not subject to criminal regulation, criminology cannot study them in detail. Zemiology goes beyond the formal and conventional concepts of crime, attempt to criminalize these risky behaviors, and bases any method of crime control on a correct understanding of its fundamental social, cultural, political, and economic causes. The research method in this fundamental research article is analytical-descriptive and qualitative, and its compilation is the result of studying, analyzing, and comparing materials after extracting them from documented and extracted from interior and foreign scientific sources, including books, journals, and articles. The research findings show that, On the one hand, in some countries, government actions and omissions lead to many social harms, and in many cases, despite the ability to apply the law by governments, they are silent in front of the perpetrators and ignore their prosecution and trial. on the other hand, the existence of inappropriate political-social conditions and contexts, special characteristics, and the lack of criminalization of most behaviors that cause widespread social risks in our country have led to the spread of these harms and the lack of prosecution and conviction of their perpetrators, in such a way that the physical and vital integrity of citizens and the fundamental and social values of society have been overshadowed. The need to criminalize behaviors that cause widespread social risks and the need to protect citizens from these behaviors prompts our country's legislator to enact criminal regulations for these behaviors without realizing a specific result and in order to avoid possible future results. Taking this issue into account is an expression of an efficient criminal policy and a measure of legislative progress in a legal system, so that this important issue has led the legislators of most countries to criminalize risky behaviors without the need for the realization of its result in order to ensure the security and welfare of citizens and protect public interests. This regulation can guarantee and ensure the basic and fundamental values of society and the security and welfare of citizens.
Keywords
)