Vulnerability Assessment of Marab Karstic Aquifers Pollution Using RISKE Model and Analysis of Time Series

Document Type : Applied Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. in Geomorphology, Ministry of Energy, Iran

2 M.A. student in Environmental Education, University of Tehran, Iran

3 M.A. student in Hydrogeomorphology, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran

4 Ph.D. Candidate in Geomorphology, University of Tehran, Iran

5 M.A. in Geomorphology, University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Vulnerability and contamination risk assessment is of great importance in karst aquifer management. Because of vastness of karst in Zagros, natural conditions and human activity within the region of aquifer, pollution emission has become one of the most important challenges in front of Zagros aquifers. The purpose of this study is to assess Marab aquifer vulnerability, using RISKE model and, defining 5 parameters of rock (R), infiltration (I), soil (S), karst development (K), epikarst (E) to evaluate the vulnerability of karst surfaces. The internal network development of Marab karst aquifer was evaluated using single-variable autocorrelation statistical methods. Ultimately, analyzing the results of these two methods, we assessed the vulnerability of the aquifer. The results of RISK model indicated three zones of vulnerability. The medium, small and large layers were 57.5, 37.7 and 4.8 percent of the region respectively. The vastness of vulnerability layers suggest average level of vulnerability of Marab against pollution emission. The most vulnerable areas are located within sinkholes and poljes. The results of autocorrelation function suggested a multiple hydrodynamic behavior and two base and fast flow for Marab aquifer. Therefore, we concluded that due to the fast flow in the aquifer and geomorphological development of karst surface, it is possible that contamination spread through the aquifer.

Keywords

References

 
[1]. Adams, B. and S. S. D. Foster. 1992. “Land-surface zoning for groundwater protection.” Journal of Institution of Water and Environmental Management 6: 312–320.
[2]. A frasiabian, A.(2007). The importance of protection and management of Karst water as drinking water resources in Iran. Environ Geol, 52:673–677.
[3]. Angelini, P., 1997, Correlation and spectral analysis of two hydrogeological systems in central Italy, Hydrol  ,  Vol 42(3), PP:425–438.
[4]. Cooper, A.H., Farrant A.R. & Price S.J., 2011 - The use of karst geomorphology for planning, hazard avoidance and development in Great Britain. Geomorphology, 134: 118-131.
[5]. de Jong, C., Cappy, S. and Funk, D.(2008). A transdisciplinary analysis of water problems in the mountainous karst areas of Morocco. Engineering Geology 99, 228–238.
[6]. De Ketelaere, D., Hotzl, H., Neukum, C., Civita, M. and Sappa, G.(2004). Hazard analysis and mapping. In: Zwahlen F, editor. Vulnerability and risk mapping for the protection of carbonate (karst) aquifers,EUR 20912. Brussels7 European Commission, Directorate-General XII Science, Research and Development; p. 86–105.
[7]. Do¨ rfliger, N.(1996). Advances in karst groundwater protection strategy using artificialtracer tests analysis and multiattribute vulnerability mapping. The` se e`me cycle, Universite´ de Neuchaˆtel, Suisse, 292 pp.
[8]. Eastman, J.,R., Kyem, P.A.K. and Toledano, O.J.(1993).AProcedure formulti-objective decision making in GIS under conditions of conflicting objectives. In: EGIS’93, pp. 438–447.
[9]. Eisenlohr, L., Bouzelboudjen, M., Kiraly, L., Rossier, Y., 1997. Numerical versus statistical modelling of natural response of a karst hydrogeological system, Hydrology, Vol, 202, 244–262.
[10]. Ford, D. C., Williams, P., 2007, "Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology", John Wiley & Sons, 576 pp.
[1]. Gerth, J., Förstner, U. (2004) Long-term forecast: Key to groundwater protection. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 11(1):49-56.
[11]. Gogu, R.and Dassargues, A. (1998). Sensitivity analysis for the EPIK vulnerability assessment in a local karstic aquifer. In: Workshop: Vulne´ rabilite´ et rotection des Eaux Karstiques. Neuchaˆtel (Suisse), vol. 37. American Water ResourcesAssociation, pp. 139–408. 1.
[12]. Goldscheider, N., Drew, D., 2004, Methods in Karst Hydrogeology, Taylor& Francis.
[13]. Kovacic, G., 2009,  Hydrogeological study of the Malenščica karst spring(SW Slovenia) by means of a time series analysis,  ACTA CARSOLOGICA, Vol, 39/2, Pp:201–215.
[14]. Karim, H. Raeisi, E. Bakalowicz, M. (2004). Characterising the main karst aquifers of the Alvand basin, northwest of  Zagros , Iran, by a hydrogeochemical approach, Hydrogeology Journal, Volume 13, Issue 5-6, pp 787-799.
[15]. Lee, JY., Lee, KK,. 2002, Use of hydrologic time series data for identification of recharge mechanism in a fractured bedrock aquifer system, Hydrol, Vol, 229,PP.190–201.
[16]. Liu, L., Chen, X., Xu, G., Shu, L., 2011, Use of hydrologic time-series data for identification of hydrodynamic function and behavior in a karstic water system in China, Hydrogeology ,Vol 19, PP: 1577–1585.
[17]. Mangin, A., 1971, Etude des débits classés d'exutoires karstiques portant sur un cycle hydrologique, Annales de spéléologie,Vol 28(1),PP. 21-40.
[18]. Mangin, A., 1975, Contribution a l`étude hydrodynamique des aquifères karstiques. Thèse, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de l`Université de Dijon.
[19]. Mangin,A.,1982.L approche systemique du karst, consequences conceptuelles et methodologiques.Reunion monografica sobre el karst, Larra. 141-157.
[20]. Waele, J., Plan., Lukas. and Audra, PH.(2009). Recent developments in surface and subsurface karst geomorphology: An introduction. Geomorphology, vol 106, 1–8.
[21]. Zhang C, Yuan DX, Cao JH (2005) Analysis of environmental sensitivities of a typical dynamic epikarst system at Nongla monitoring site, Guangxi, China. Environ Geol 47:615–619
Environmental Management Hazards
Volume 1, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
October 2014
Pages 69-82

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics