Investigating effective measures of local governance in reducing the effects of drought in rural settlements of Darab Township

Introduction
Governance, in the sense of the decision-making process and its implementation, encompasses a set of values, norms, processes and institutions. Through them, community development management is done formally and informally. Governance is related to both government officials and the commitment of citizens, and therefore involves the government and other elements of society at the local, regional and national levels. Governance can be pursued at different political, managerial and administrative scales and at international, regional, national, local and organizational levels. Rural governance is a set of actions through which individuals and institutions, both private and public, manage and administer the village. In fact, rural governance includes formal and informal institutions and social capital of rural residents, which should ultimately enable rural citizens to enjoy the benefits of citizenship.
Materials and Methods
This research is considered as a qualitative research from the perspective of research paradigm and has been carried out with the aim of exploration (local government measures to reduce the effects of drought). In this study, first, to determine the drought zones of Darab city, the rainfall statistics of 10 rain gauge stations was examined over a period of 15 years using the SPI index. After determining the drought or wet season in each station, using Arc GIS 10.2, zoning of drought areas was created by IDW interpolation method. According to the SPI index, out of 12 villages in Darab city, two villages are in the range of moderate drought and five villages are in the range of mild drought. Then, using the method of fundamental theory and the method of qualitative and semi-structured interviews, zones located in drought zones have been used to collect information and data. Participants in the study are members of Islamic councils and Village leader in 36 villages located in drought zones of Darab town ship.
Discus and Results
Results show drought zones throughout the city. 41.4% of the city limits are in the mild drought zone and 21.2% are in the moderate drought zone. The average drought area is located in the southeast of the city, ie Forg and Abshour villages, which have lower altitudes than the rest of the city. Mild drought zones are located in the east and west parts of the city. Studies show that local governance in the area of ​​moderate drought, ie Forg and Abshour villages have performed better in reducing the effects of drought. In addition, in villages with higher populations and with more councils and full-time Village leader, more measures have been taken to reduce the effects of drought.
Conclusion
The results show that important economic measures of local governance in reducing the effects of drought can be encouraged by villagers to diversify livelihoods (88.2%), contribute to the livelihood of affected households by introducing them to donors (86.1%), encouraging the cultivation of high-yield and marketable crops (86.1%). It mentioned the introduction of agricultural products with higher income (83.3%), and encouragement to build greenhouses (80.6). In addition, effective social measures to reduce the effects of drought, including encouraging farmers to use cooperative methods in the production and harvest of crops and horticulture (80.6%), encourage villagers to stay in the countryside (75%), help increase farmers' awareness (72.2%), and introduce social capital experiences to deal with the effects of drought (72.2%). In the field of environmental measures, we can refer to cases such as the introduction of new irrigation methods (86.1%), prevention of pollution of surface and groundwater resources (80.6%), and the introduction of environmentally harmful people to the judicial authorities (77.8%) cited.